Large estates of towers and slabs can be found all over the German capital, and the differences between those which before 1990 were situated on different sides of the Berlin Wall are often hard to tell for the layperson. They stand witness to the dream of modern living and acceptable housing conditions for the whole population, which in the decades after the Second World War inspired the socialist regime in the East in the same way as the welfare state in the West. In terms of political background and social significance, however, the Plattenbauten (slab buildings) in the East were rather distinct from the Wohnblöcke (dwelling blocks) in the West. Not only were those in the East far more frequent – in 1990 about one third of East Berliners call a large housing estate their home, compared to about only five percent of West Berliners – they also constituted an environment that was closely aligned to the East German regime’s socio-political goals. This chapter will summarize the history of large housing estates in both East and West Berlin, pointing out commonalities and differences that determine significance and perception of these buildings to date.